Let There Be Light! (and some sound)


After a productive series of meetings in which design and implementation of alternate virtual environments for SPIN were discussed, a rather foolish group of individuals decided to investigate various lighting environments in the delightfully brisk conditions of the Times Up workshops during winter. Throughout the course of the meetings (within the Times Up Raumforschungsprogram), which primarily took place during November 2001, it was concluded that investigations into the responsiveness of the SPIN interface to a variety of alternate light sources would be beneficial. Seeking an alternative to the data projectors conventionally used with spin, a selection of dmx/midi controlled lights were acquired for the greater good of science.


The following 2 weeks of tests also involved some acoustic dabblings, which were generally utilized to compliment the visual stimuli. The environments were broken into a few primary areas. The use of stroboscopic lighting and the use of directional lighting consisting of broader white light sources (consisting of an array of 12 par 64 lights)


Personally, I have a certain fondness for the area of psychopysiological manipulation and entrainment so I was rather enthused about the environments consisting of high intensity stroboscopic lighting. After a fleeting jaunt in SPIN I was by no means disappointed. The strobes undoubtedly produced an extremely intense and disorienting environment. Flicker frequencies ranging from approximately 1Hz to near flicker fusion at 50 Hz or so were examined. I was of the opinion that the higher frequencies had a considerably more profound effect on the users visual system however this was a more personal thing, with other individuals being somewhat more disturbed by slower rates. Perhaps subconsciously I had a delusional hope that the higher frequencies would produce more radiant heat from the lights and subsequently warm the freezing working environment. Sadly I was mistaken. Nevertheless "onwards!"

The behavior of the lights were controlled via a number of parameters. Flicker frequency and intensity were controlled via the userìs velocity, so the individual could readily manipulate their visual environment with instant feedback. The userìs coordinates in a virtual space were also utilized to determine whether a sense of space could be interpreted from a range of lighting intensities. This proved to be a useful control mechanism in the subsequent tests involving general illumination. All in all, the strobes provided a very strong visual stimulus that could not be achieved via any other means and may be useful in future SPIN environments when used in conjunction with data projected virtual spaces. The given parameters, however, did not lend themselves to a more rigorous examination of brain wave entrainment (in which the individuals alpha, beta and theta brain patterns are entrained or (synced up to the same frequency of the flash for example). This was primarily due to the fact that flash rates varied immensely with velocity so there was never any long term flash rate stability which would be pivotal to the success of such tests. No severe reactions took place upon exposure of the test subjects to these conditions even though the illumination of the sphere and the close proximity of the lighting source combined to create substantial visual stimulus. In all, the disorientation experienced tended to subside upon termination of the stroboscopic light. I once had some curious visual disturbances after spending a substantial amount of time within the space in which my vision distorted in a cyclic manner whilst attempting to read small print. These anomalies were however rather fleeting and I promptly returned to the world of conventional vision the next day. I can only speculate that these were directly related to the exposure, as prior to the occurrence I had not experienced this. The dubious flicker frequencies usually associated with photosensitive epilepsy and seizures in the range of 18 Hz also failed to have any profound effect on the subjects, nor did the curious phenomena of flicker vertigo induced by frequencies in the range of 8 Hz to 12 Hz . This is not to say that this would be the case with a larger cross section of the population.


The effectiveness of such stroboscopic manipulation was clearly demonstrated on the 16th of December 1997 with the mass nausea and dizziness of hundreds of children and seizures in others predisposed to photosensitive epilepsy. The causal factor was a particularly unique sequence in the television show Pokemon (screened in Japan) in which nothing more than a 4 second sequence of flashing red , blue, white and black was enough to produce blackouts and convulsions in a sizable group of individuals.
After a flurry of experiments with the strobe lights it was time for something a little more subdued. After donning smoking jackets and with brandy balloons in hand, we yet again retired to the SPIN space. This next series of tinkerings examined individualìs control of larger and visually smoother lighting spaces and also the use of moving lights around the surface of the sphere. Unsurprisingly, these proved to be less draining on the user than the stroboscopic environments.


The sonic component of these endeavors was generally focussed on enhancing the visual stimulus. In this respect, sound intensities were mapped to velocity and locations such that each light or user action had its own acoustic identifier. Through the use of high intensity, low frequency sound the resonant properties of SPIN were also examined. This was a curious avenue as such pursuits primarily had the effect of torturing the poor souls outside the sphere itself whilst the individual inside remained mostly unscathed. These fiendish environmental surrounds were achieved with the use of 2000 watts of acoustic energy in the frequency range of 40 Hz to 120 Hz. Although there were undoubtedly certain frequencies that created sympathetic resonance with the sphereìs surface, there was never any real indication in the frequency range examined of any substantial internal resonance. It was curious to note however that with the entrance of the sphere open quite substantial internal resonanceìs were achieved. Having only headphone generated sound for the user whilst inside SPIN always lacked the visceral qualities of these low frequency sounds. Due to the general disdain of having to sit beside sizeable droning speakers, whilst casually attempting to glean some fruitful information from the experience, this foolish caper was swiftly terminated after a single delightful session.


This fleeting excursion into non-Euclidean light spaces proved to be a curious change from the data projected environments currently utilized in SPIN with noticeably differing user experience outcomes. Further avenues and extensions to this research could be explored in the areas of synaesthetic experience of colour and sound in the environments and the addition of biological control of the various parameters used.

ad dec 2001

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